At present, ERP has become synonymous with corporate information management, what industry can come to an ERP; what finance ERP, insurance ERP, real estate ERP, publishing ERP, travel ERP ..., five flowers, ERP is abused. This ERP is non-Pert, often can't say one. ERP has been developed from MRP, MRP II. Its original face is the information management system of manufacturing; MRP, MRP II is an important milestone in the development of manufacturing information management. The interpretation of ERP in the current society is a hundred flowers, which makes people can't stand. Since ERP is first mentioned by GartnerGroup Inc., the only correct approach is to respect history, and in accordance with the definition of GartnerGroup, the ERP is explained. April 12, 1990 Gartner's research report: "ERP: Imagines the next generation of MRPII (ERP: A Vision of the next-generation MRP II" [number CIM: S-300-339], the main connotation of ERP definition It is "Breaking the four walls of the company, expanding the scope of information integration to the upstream of the enterprise, managing the entire supply and demand chain."
Gartner raises two integration on the definition of ERP, namely:
1) Internal integration (product development, core business and integration of data collection)
2) External integration (integration of all partners on enterprises and supplies)
This grand assumption has great forward-looking, limited by technical conditions and software companies, and it is not possible for a while. 20 In the actual 1990s, some MRP II software suppliers were adopted by Gartner's initial technical requirements (such as 4GL, RDBM, GUI, C / S, Case, etc.), or solved cross-century. Millennium (Y2K) problem, or increased some of Gartner's initial extension (such as EDI interface, DRP, transport, warehouse, equipment, quality, laboratory and project management, on-site service and maintenance management, and human resources management, etc. After that, in order to adapt to the trend of the times and the business purposes, the existing MRP II products are easy to name ERP. This easy name is essentially not impossible to implement the basic definition and ideas of Gartner to ERP systems - "Manage the entire supply chain", the content of the software is basically in the original MRP II level. However, this kind of easy-name practice is blurred the boundaries of MRP II with ERP, so that some people who have never been mature products that MRP II mature products will naturally see the ERP that is easy to name MRP II is "to manage internal management. System, because in accordance with the "MRP II Standard System" of the APICS (US Production and Inventory Management Association), the information integration of internal management has been implemented. But now "ERP is aware of the management system for the internal management system", there seems to be a "final conclusion" at home and abroad. So, in 2000, I had to mention an ERP II to explain the original definition, but have been ERP failed to implement immediately; no wonder foreign commentary believes that "ERP II is just a new bottle of old wine".
A series of various systems that have emerged since the 1990s are essentially a supplement to the General ERP definition in Gartner. These supplements can be divided into two categories:
One is to achieve product development and manufacturing integration, such as PDM (Product Data Management, Product Management) and PLM (Product Lifecycle Management, Product Lifecycle Management).
One is a variety of systems that implement internal and external business integration, such as SCM (Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Management), SCEM (Supply Chain Event Management, Supply Chain Event Management), SRM (Supplier Relationship Management, Supplier Relationship Management), E-Procurement, Warehouse Management System, Warehouse Management System); CRM (Customer Relationship Management, Customer Relationship Management), PRM (Partner Relationship Management, Partnership Management), ......, etc., and so on. CPC (Collaborative Product Commerce, Collaborative Product Commerce) is an integrated system across the above types, which can be seen as a "synchronous (parallel) project" in the Internet era. Early synchronization projects are often limited to CAD and CAM, but now to expand to synchronization with the selection of suppliers and communicate with customers, reflecting the spirit of lean production. In fact, these systems are developed by different companies, and the functions are overlapping each other. You have me, I have you, there is no extremely clear line. Some of these systems can run independently, but after all, it is not a complete "management of the entire supply chain" system. Examples of abroad, the earliest ERP system software company has SAP, Oracle, Baan, PeopleSoft, etc., focusing on transaction processing. The earliest SCM system software company has I2 Technologies, Manugistics, etc. system. From their trend, the previous types of companies have enhanced the overall plan, analyze and optimize the function of the overall plan, to the "overall kit", including the functions of SCM and CRM, etc., "integrated solutions" ". The latter type of company began to do work with the former and gradually strengthened its supporting system. This "phase-to-pending" phenomenon means that all operations of various systems cannot cover the enterprise, and will eventually become increasingly increasingly integrated, becoming a large system that covers all management processes and supply chains. Such system APICS is called Total Enterprise Integration, Tei, or Aberdeen Group is called Enterprise Business Integration, EBI. It is not difficult to see that the big integration is the essence of development trends. All expansion systems are the improvement and supplement of basic systems, which is inheritance and carry forward, rather than negation. Even the basic concepts and functions of MRPII are also melted in the ERP system and is not scrapped. In the manufacturing ERP system, MRP is still a core. The product structure and BOM in the MRP system are mathematical models that reflect the three major business information of integrated sales, production and supply. This is an objective law, and it is absolutely no time. .
